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ISG15 Antibody
ISG15 Antibody
- 中文名称：
- ISG15 Antibody
- 英文名称：
- ISG15 Antibody
- 品牌：
- AAA Biotech
- 品牌介绍：
- AAA Biotech专注于为全球生命科学研究提供高品质的蛋白质研究工具，核心产品包括经严格验证的抗体、重组蛋白及ELISA试剂盒。
- 货号：
- AAA326095
- 规格：
- 0.1 mL|0.2 mL|2x0.2 mL|3x0.2 mL|4x0.2 mL
- 保存建议：
- 收到后，可在-20摄氏度储存12个月。
- 货期：
- 6-8周
- 来源宿主：
- Rabbit
- 反应种属：
- Human, Mouse, Rat
- 应用：
- ELISA, IHC (Immunohistochemistry), WB (Western Blot)
- 免责声明：
- *本产品仅供科研实验使用，不得用于临床诊断。*
- 其他：
克隆性:Polyclonal
同型:IgG
克隆号:N/A
特异性:ISG15 antibody detects endogenous levels of total ISG15
纯度:The antiserum was purified by peptide affinity chromatography using SulfoLink Coupling Resin.
形式：Liquid
Phosphate buffered saline, pH 7.4, 150mM NaCl, 0.02% sodium azide and 50% glycerol.
浓度：1mg/ml
- 说明书：
Description: Interferon-stimulated 15 kDa protein (ISG15), also known as ubiquitin cross-reactive protein (UCRP), is a member of the ubiquitin-like protein family and functions in various biological pathways from pregnancy to innate immune responses (1). Expression of ISG15 is stimulated by cellular exposure to type 1 interferons alpha and beta, in addition to infection with viruses such as influenza B (2, 3). After exposure to type I interferons, both lymphocytes and monocytes, in addition to some fibroblasts and epithelial cells, release ISG15 into culture medium (1, 4). ISG15 has been shown to function as a cytokine, stimulating interferon gamma secretion by monocytes and macrophages, proliferation of natural killer cells, and chemotactic responses in neutrophils (4, 5). ISG15 has also been shown to function intracellularly, being covalently conjugated to other proteins by E1 (Ube1L), E2 (UbcH8) and E3 ligases via a multi-step process analogous to ubiquitination (6, 7). ISG15 is removed from proteins by the ubiquitin processing protease Ubp43 (8). ISG15-protein conjugation (ISGylation) is induced by type 1 interferons, and target proteins include the serine protease inhibitor Serpin 2A, PLCgamma1, ERK1/2, Jak1 and Stat1 (9, 10). Unlike ubiquitination, ISGylation does not target proteins for degradation, rather ISGylation increases Jak1 and Stat1 activity, enhancing the cellular response to interferons (11).
Function: Ubiquitin-like protein which plays a key role in the innate immune response to viral infection either via its conjugation to a target protein (ISGylation) or via its action as a free or unconjugated protein. ISGylation involves a cascade of enzymatic reactions involving E1, E2, and E3 enzymes which catalyze the conjugation of ISG15 to a lysine residue in the target protein. Its target proteins include IFIT1, MX1/MxA, PPM1B, UBE2L6, UBA7, CHMP5, CHMP2A, CHMP4B and CHMP6. Can also isgylate: EIF2AK2/PKR which results in its activation, DDX58/RIG-I which inhibits its function in antiviral signaling response, EIF4E2 which enhances its cap structure-binding activity and translation-inhibition activity, UBE2N and UBE2E1 which negatively regulates their activity, IRF3 which inhibits its ubiquitination and degradation and FLNB which prevents its ability to interact with the upstream activators of the JNK cascade therby inhibiting IFNA-induced JNK signaling. Exhibits antiviral activity towards both DNA and RNA viruses, including influenza A, HIV-1 and Ebola virus. Restricts HIV-1 and ebola virus via disruption of viral budding. Inhibits the ubiquitination of HIV-1 Gag and host TSG101 and disrupts their interaction, thereby preventing assembly and release of virions from infected cells. Inhibits Ebola virus budding mediated by the VP40 protein by disrupting ubiquitin ligase activity of NEDD4 and its ability to ubiquitinate VP40. ISGylates influenza A virus NS1 protein which causes a loss of function of the protein and the inhibition of virus replication. The secreted form of ISG15 can: induce natural killer cell proliferation, act as a chemotactic factor for neutrophils and act as a IFN-gamma-inducing cytokine playing an essential role in antimycobacterial immunity.
Subunit Structure: Homodimer; disulfide-linked. Interacts with, and is conjugated to its targets by the UBE1L (E1 enzyme) and UBE2E2 (E2 enzyme) (Probable). Interacts with NEDD4.
Post-translational Modifications: S-nitrosylation decreases its dimerization, thereby increasing the availability as well as the solubility of monomeric ISG15 for its conjugation to cellular proteins.Induced as an inactive, precursor protein that is cleaved by specific proteases to expose the C-terminal diglycine (LRLRGG) motif. This motif is essential not only for its conjugation to substrates but also for its recognition by the relevant processing proteases.
Similarity: Both the Ubiquitin-like 1 and Ubiquitin-like 2 domains are required for its efficient conjugation to cellular proteins. The two domains play different roles in the ISGylation pathway: Ubiquitin-like 2 domain is necessary for the first two steps allowing the linking of ISG15 to the E1 and E2 enzymes while Ubiquitin-like 1 domain is essential for the final, E3-mediated transfer of ISG15, from the E2 to the Lys of the target protein (PubMed:18356159).
